鋅(xin)(xin)易溶于酸，也(ye)能溶于堿(jian)(jian)，故稱它為(wei)兩性(xing)金(jin)屬。鋅(xin)(xin)在干燥的空氣(qi)中(zhong)幾(ji)乎(hu)不發生變(bian)化。在潮濕的空氣(qi)中(zhong)，鋅(xin)(xin)表面會生成致(zhi)密(mi)的堿(jian)(jian)式碳酸鋅(xin)(xin)膜。在含(han)二氧化硫、硫化氫(qing)以及(ji)海洋性(xing)氣(qi)氛(fen)中(zhong)，鋅(xin)(xin)的耐蝕(shi)性(xing)較差，尤(you)其(qi)在高(gao)溫高(gao)濕含(han)有機酸的氣(qi)氛(fen)里，鋅(xin)(xin)鍍層極易被腐蝕(shi)。
鋅(xin)的標準電極電位為(wei)-0.76V，對鋼鐵基體來(lai)說，鋅(xin)鍍(du)層屬于陽極性(xing)鍍(du)層，它(ta)主要(yao)用于防止鋼鐵的腐蝕(shi)，其防護性(xing)能(neng)的優劣與鍍(du)層厚度(du)關系甚大。
鋅(xin)鍍(du)層經(jing)鈍化處理(li)、染色或涂(tu)覆護(hu)(hu)光劑(ji)后，能(neng)顯著提(ti)高其(qi)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)性(xing)和裝飾(shi)性(xing)。近(jin)年來，隨著鍍(du)鋅(xin)工藝(yi)的發展，高性(xing)能(neng)鍍(du)鋅(xin)光亮劑(ji)的采(cai)用，鍍(du)鋅(xin)已從單純的防(fang)護(hu)(hu)目的進入(ru)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)-裝飾(shi)性(xing)應用。
鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)有氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)化物鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)和無(wu)氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)兩類。氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)化物鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)分(fen)微氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)、低氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)、中(zhong)氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)、和高氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)幾類。無(wu)氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)有堿性(xing)鋅酸鹽(yan)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)、銨(an)鹽(yan)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)、硫酸鹽(yan)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)及無(wu)氨氯化物鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)等。氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)化鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)均(jun)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)能力(li)好，得到(dao)的(de)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)層(ceng)光滑(hua)細致(zhi)，在生產中(zhong)被長(chang)期采用。但由于氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)化物劇毒，對環境污染嚴重(zhong)，近年來已趨(qu)向于采用低氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)、微氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)、無(wu)氰(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)。
